" Religious councils, which used kivas - subterranean chambers of worship - for spiritual ceremonies and religious rituals, governed the Pueblo villages.Įvolving from a hunter-gathering lifestyle, the Pueblo people were known as peaceful farmers, herdsmen, basketmakers, and potters. Pueblo Native Americans practiced the Kachin or Katsina religion, a complex spiritual belief system in which " hundreds of divine beings act as intermediaries between humans and God. Traditional Pueblo architecture included limestone or adobe bricks (bricks made from clay and water) to construct " multistoried, permanent, attached homes. In North America, the Pueblo people carry on their traditions, religious beliefs, and unique Pueblo villages - structures modeled after cliff dwellings. Ancient Pueblo structures are thought to be archaeoastronomy focused, with the buildings built to align with the solar and lunar cycles. Their dwelling places included community spaces, multistoried and multi purposed structures for housing, religious ceremonies, and community meetings. Ancient Pueblo Homes and ArchitectureĪncestral Pueblos built their homes in complex systems that could only be accessed through swings or rock climbing. Modern Pueblo history is usually traced from 1600 on, since that is around when the Spanish colonial occupation began in their territory. They also adapted the types of structures they called home throughout these time periods. Throughout their history, Ancestral Pueblos migrated and had to adapt to a variety of different lands and techniques for gathering food. The history of Ancestral Pueblos can be broken down into the following time periods: Who Were the Ancient Pueblo? Fast Facts Ancient Pueblo History and Timeline Years later, once the Spanish returned and re-colonized, many Native American tribes were forced to adapt to the dominant culture as a means of survival, and this history of trauma has impacted the Pueblo people to this day. In the 15th century, Spanish colonization's detrimental effects befell the peaceful Pueblo tribes - resulting in censorship of Pueblo culture and religious practices.īy the 1670s, Pueblo revolts forced the Spanish to flee, and the Pueblo people were able to return to their generation-long cultural practices. Following Christopher Columbus' voyage to the New World, Spain embarked on claiming various North American territories. " Representative of the Southwest American Indian culture, the Pueblo tribe settled in the Mesa Verde region at the Four Corners of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona.ĭue to limited natural resources or intertribal conflict, in the 1300s, the Pueblo people migrated south and primarily settled in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Historians believe the Pueblo tribe descended from three cultures, " including the Mogollon, Hohokam, and Ancient Puebloans (Anasazi). It was burned, possibly by the inhabitants, shortly before abandonment.įrom here, it is thought that the people migrated back to the Kayenta region where they re-established themselves.Pueblo Native Americans are one of the oldest cultures in the United States, originating approximately 7,000 years ago. Whatever the reasons, the village was never inhabited again. We do know that the modern day Pueblo people are their descendants. Their movements seem to be related to a drought which spanned several decades and the resulting climatic change, soil erosion, or overuse of the area's resources. There are many theories about why the ancestral Pueblo people gradually abandoned the area by A.D. It is presently unclear as to why the Anasazi left. The Anasazi were also highly skilled potters, and beautifully decorated bowls, ladles, mugs, and other intricate ceramic items have been found in sites throughout the region. From pit houses to multi-storied cliff dwellings, these structures remain as a tribute to their remarkable architectural abilities. The Anasazi are known for their remarkable building techniques. They domesticated the turkey, and continued to gather wild plant foods and hunt game in order to supplement their diet. The Anasazi were farmers, with corn, beans, and squash as their primary crops. 1 to 1300 in the Four Corners Plateau region of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. Who were the Anasazi? Anasazi is a Navajo word meaning "ancient ones." Archaeologists use it to describe the Basketmaker-Pueblo culture that existed from about A.D.
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